Pitcairn Island was discovered in 1767 by the British and settled in 1790 by the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. Pitcairn was the first Pacific island to become a British colony (in 1838) and today remains the last vestige of that empire in the South Pacific. Outmigration, primarily to New Zealand, has thinned the population from a peak of 233 in 1937 to less than 50 today.
Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about midway between Peru and New Zealand
25 04 S, 130 06 W
Oceania
total: 47 sq km
land: 47 sq km
water: 0 sq km
about three-tenths the size of Washington, DC
0 km
51 km
territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)
rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs
mean elevation: NA
elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Big Ridge 347 m
miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish
note: manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore
agricultural land: 0%
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 0%
forest: 74.5%
other: 25.5% (2011 est.)
0 sq km (2012)
typhoons (especially November to March)
deforestation (only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement)
Britain's most isolated dependency; only the larger island of Pitcairn is inhabited but it has no port or natural harbor; supplies must be transported by rowed longboat from larger ships stationed offshore
54 (July 2016 est.)
noun: Pitcairn Islander(s)
adjective: Pitcairn Islander
descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian wives
English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
Seventh-Day Adventist 100%
0% (2014 est.)
urban population: 0% of total population (2012)
rate of urbanization: NA
NA
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926); Discovery Day, 2 July (1767)
conventional long form: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands
conventional short form: Pitcairn Islands
etymology: named after Midshipman Robert PITCAIRN who first sighted the island in 1767
overseas territory of the UK
parliamentary democracy (Island Council); overseas territory of the UK
name: Adamstown
geographic coordinates: 25 04 S, 130 05 W
time difference: UTC-9 (4 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
none (overseas territory of the UK)
none (overseas territory of the UK)
several previous; latest drafted 10 February 2010, presented 17 February 2010, effective 4 March 2010 (2016)
local island by-laws
see United Kingdom
18 years of age; universal with three years residency
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor (nonresident) of the Pitcairn Islands Jonathan SINCLAIR (since August 2014); Commissioner (nonresident) Leslie JAQUES (since September 2003) serves as liaison between the governor and the Island Council
head of government: Mayor and Chairman of the Island Council Shawn CHRISTIAN (since 13 November 2013)
cabinet: none
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor and commissioner appointed by the monarch; island mayor directly elected by majority popular vote for a 3-year term; election last held on 12 November 2013 (next to be held not later than December 2016)
election results: Shawn CHRISTIAN elected mayor and chairman of the Island Council; Island Council vote count in third round - Shawn CHRISTIAN 20, Simon YOUNG 19
description: unicameral Island Council (10 seats; 4 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 1 nominated by the elected Council members, 2 appointed by the governor, and 3 ex-officio members - the governor, deputy governor, and commissioner; elected members serve 1-year terms)
elections: last held on 13 November 2013 (next to be held not later than December 2015)
election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - 5 independent
highest resident court(s): Pitcairn Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, 2 judges, and the Supreme Court chief justice (ex-officio member); Pitcairn Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 2 judges); note - appeals beyond the Pitcairn Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office: all judges of both courts appointed by the governor of the Pitcairn Islands on the instructions of the Queen of England through the Secretary of State; all judges appointed until retirement, normally at age 75
subordinate courts: Magistrate's Court
none
none
SPC, UPU
none (overseas territory of the UK)
none (overseas territory of the UK)
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the green, yellow, and blue of the shield represents the island rising from the ocean; the green field features a yellow anchor surmounted by a bible (both the anchor and the bible were items found on the HMS Bounty); sitting on the crest is a Pitcairn Island wheelbarrow from which springs a slip of miro (a local plant)
name: "We From Pitcairn Island"
lyrics/music: unknown/Frederick M. LEHMAN
note: serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the UK, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom)
The inhabitants of this tiny isolated economy exist on fishing, subsistence farming, handicrafts, and postage stamps. The fertile soil of the valleys produces a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams
$NA
honey; wide variety of fruits and vegetables; goats, chickens; fish
postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honey
15 (2004)
note: no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishing
revenues: $746,000
expenditures: $1.028 million (FY04/05)
1 April - 31 March
$NA
fruits, vegetables, curios, postage stamps
$NA
fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour, sugar, other foodstuffs
New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -
1.441 (2016 est.)
1.4279 (2015 est.)
1.2039 (2014 est.)
1.2039 (2013 est.)
1.23 (2012 est.)
general assessment: satellite-based phone services
domestic: local phone service with international connections via Internet
international: country code - 872; satellite earth station - 1 (Inmarsat)
satellite TV from Fiji-based Sky Pacific offering a wide range of international channels
.pn
total: 54
percent of population: 100% (July 2015 est.)
satellite-based local phone service and broadband Internet connections available in all homes
major seaport(s): Adamstown (on Bounty Bay)
defense is the responsibility of the UK
none
